Suggested Books
The Art of Thinking Clearly by Rolf Dobelli A large number of well-explained reasoning problem stories
Thinking edited by John Brockman An anthology of short pieces by some of the most important contemporary thinkers on thinking
Thinking Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman The bestseller by the Nobel-Prize winner
How Not to Be Wrong by Jordan Ellenberg Well written and amusing snippets on reasoning correctly
Damned Lies and Statistics by Joel Best Well written and explained fallacious statistical techniques and conclusions
More Damned Lies and Statistics by Joel Best more of the same
A Mathematician Reads the Newspaper by John Allen Paulos A large number of fallacies due to ignorance of math
Innumeracy by John Allen Paulos More Paulos
Bad Science by Ben Goldacre debunking pseudo-scientific claims...funny
Bad Pharma by Ben Goldacre Sequel to Bad Science
The Humor Code by Peter McGraw and Joel Warner A world-wide road trip trying to find key to humor
Standard Deviations by Gary Smth Full of examples of popular mangling of statistics
The Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg How much of everyday decision-making is habit-based.  Best-seller.
Metamagical Themas by Douglas Hofstadter A collection of Hofstadter's articles in Scientific American magazine -- some brilliant, all written for the general public
Godel Escher Bach by Douglas Hofstadter National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize winner.  A remarkable and playful journey into mind.
The Mind's I edited by Douglas Hofstadter and Daniel Dennett An anthology of famous and great essays on consciousness interspersed with science fiction short stories of interesting philosophical import.  One of the really great books on thinking.
The Drunkard's Walk by Leonard Mlodinow Well written essays on various problems involving randomness -- for the general public.
Freakonomics by Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner The best-seller about the curious and clever explanations of various social phenomena.
Superforecasting by Philip Tetlock How people who are really good at forecasting do it.
Invention by Design by Henry Petroski Engineering design as told by a great designer  (if you want to be an engineer, read this book)
How the Mind Works by Stephen Pinker A remarkable book by a really talented writer/scientist and proponent of evolutionary psychology
The Prisoner's Dilemma by William Poundstone a very well written popular account of the history of game theory, its applications
The Evolution of Cooperation by Robert Axelrod a wonderful book on the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, wth examples of cooperation arrising spontaneously in areas of conflict